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Prioritizing Feedback Based on: Higher-Order vs. Lower-Order Concerns


Higher-order Concerns:

  • According to the Purdue OWL, Higher Order Concerns (HOCs) are elements that make up the “bigger picture” of the paper.
  • HOC examples: thesis statement, hypothesis, audience, purpose, focus, organization, development, etc.
  • If not addressed, they can make the paper harder to read. HOCs should be addressed first and identified as early as possible.
  • HOCs are “higher” order because they are more essential to the meaning of the writing.

Lower-order Concerns:

  • According to the Purdue OWL, Lower Order Concerns (LOCs) are more minor elements that make up the paper.
  • LOC examples: grammar, punctuation, sentence structure, citation style/formatting.
  • Encourage students to read certain sections of the paper aloud to identify grammatical error patterns in their work.
  • After HOCs are addressed, identify the LOCs in order to ensure the clarity and to polish the overall paper
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